Framing device for a continuously moving motion picture film

ABSTRACT

A device for framing a continuously moving motion picture film having a plurality of index marks, including a means for providing a beam of light for projecting images of index marks on the film or index marks directly related to the index marks on the film. A feed means continuously moves the film past the beam of light. A first detector is in alignment with the beam of light for receiving the projected images of the marks in alignment therewith for providing a coarse drive signal haVing an amplitude related to the position of the reflected image. A reflector is positioned to reflect the images of the marks in alignment therewith. A second detector is positioned to detect images reflected by the detector for providing a fine drive signal related to the positions of the received projected image. A drive assembly is coupled to receive the coarse drive signal and the fine drive signal for providing angular rotation to the reflector at a rate related to the instantaneous summation of the electrical amplitudes of the received signals.

United States Patent [191 Okey et al.

[ Aug. 21, 1973 FRAMING DEVICE FOR A CONTINUOUSLY MOVING MOTION PICTUREFILM [75] Inventors: Bernard J. Okey, Redondo Beach;

Daniel J. Marshall, San Pedro, both 211 Appl. No.: 197,335

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No.24,054, March 26,

OTHER PUBLICATIONS IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Author Lazarchick,Title Motion Picture Cueing System, Vol. 1 1, No. 10, March 1969.

Primary Examiner-Samuel S. Matthews Assistant Examiner-Alan MathewsAttorney-Smith, Roston & Pavitt [5 7] ABSTRACT A device for framing acontinuously moving motion picture film having a plurality of indexmarks, including a means for providing a beam of light for projectingimages of index marks on the film or index marks directly related to theindex marks on the film. A feed means continuously moves the film pastthe beam of light. A first detector is in alignment with the beam oflight for receiving the projected images of the marks in alignmenttherewith for providing a coarse drive signal haV- ing an amplituderelated to the positionof the reflected image. A reflector is positionedto reflect the images of the marks in alignment therewith. A seconddetector is positioned to detect images reflected by the detector forproviding a fine drive signal related to the positions of the receivedprojected image. A drive assembly is coupled to receive the coarse drivesignal and the fine drive signal for providing angular rotation to thereflector at a rate related to the instantaneous summation of theelectrical amplitudes of the received signals.

30 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures Patented Aug. 21, 1973 3 Sheets-'-Sheet lPatented Aug. 21, 1973 3,753,612

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 21, 1973 I 3,753,612

3 Sheets-Sheet :5

FRAMING DEVICE FOR A CONTINUOUSLY MOVING MOTION PICTURE FILM BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.24,054, filed Mar. 26, 1970.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates in general to a motionpicture film framing device, and more particularly to a motion picturefilm framing device for a continuous motion motion picture film.

2. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART devices. However, when the motionpicture film is moved continuously instead of sequentially stepped, itis-necessary to frame or synchronize the frames of the motion picturefilm so that it appears as a stationary image.

In the prior art, one method that has been used to frame the motionpicture film is to perforate a plurality of sprocket holes along theedge of the motion picture film. An indexing finger engages the sprocketholes of the motion picture film and sequentially steps the motionpicture film from frame to frame. The motion picture film issequentially stepped and not continuously moved. However, with sprocketholes in the motion picture film, the film can easily tear at or nearthe sprocket holes if very thin film is used. Consequently, the motionpicture film must be thicker than desired for some thin filmapplications.

Projectors have been used to project the images of the frames onto areadout device or screen for a continuous moving motion picture filmthat includes a uniformly rotating multiple mirrored drum wherein themirrors are controlled by a single cam and individual cam followers sothat the plane of each of the uniformly rotating mirrors intercepts theoptical axis of the projection lens at a fixed point duringits passageacross the projection beam. The mirrors are oscillated about theirmovable axis individually. The several mirrors are parallel to the axisof the mirrored drum and equally spaced around the cylinder surfacecoaxially with the axis of the drums so that stationary images of thecontinuously moving frames of the motion picture film are projected ontoa viewing screen or other detecting device. The oscillations of theindividual mirrors are controlled by individual cam followers whichcontact the surface of the single stationary cam. Consequently, theprojected images are reflected by the mirrors.

The above-described apparatus using a mirrored drum for framing acontinuously moving motion picture film is illustrated in a patent,titled Continuous Film Motion Projector for Television Cameras and FilmRecorders," U.S. Pat. No. 2,718,549, filed June 13', 1960, in the nameof CharlesF. Mattke, and assigned to Bell Telephone Laboratories, lnc.,a corporation of New York.

In' the prior art as described above, the accuracy of the framing of themotion picture film is dependent upon'the mechanical coupling of thevarious cams. Furthermore, the mirrors must be mechanically coupled tothe means for moving the motion picture film to provide synchronizing ofthe mirror to the speed of the film. Consequently, as the mechanicalcomponents wear and deteriorate the drive, the framing of the motionpicture film will be degraded. Therefore, it is desirable to have amotion picture apparatus for framing a motion picture film that requiresno mechanical coupling between the framing device and the means formoving the motion picture film. Furthermore, for the use of thin film,it is desirable to have a framing apparatus that does not require theuse of sprocket holes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, a motion picture filmhaving a plurality of indexing marks is continuously advanced past abeam of light provided by a lamp. The beam of light passes through alens and through the frames of the motion picture film including theindex marks on the film or index marks directly related to the indexmarks on the film. Some of the beam of light passes through the framesof the motion picture film and is reflected by a mirror onto a readoutcamera or screen; Some of the beam of light passes through the indexingmarks. The beam of light passing through particular index marks is inalignment with a first detecting means and is detected by the firstdetecting means for providing a coarse drive signal for driving theframing device. The coarse drive signal has an amplitude relatedto theposition of the particular indexing marks in alignment therewith or isused as a trigger signal to trigger an electronic waveform generatorwhich provides a waveform in synchronism with the film image.

A second detecting means is disposed adjacent to the readout camera orscreen to receive light passing from the indexing marks. The seconddetecting means provides a fine drive signal. A drive assembly iscoupled to receive the coarse drive signal and the fine drive signal forproviding angular rotation to the reflector. The angular rotation of thereflector is related to a summation of the amplitudes of the coarsedrive signal and the fine drive signal. Therefore, the image on each ofa plurality of frames of the motion picture fllm is reflected by thereflector and appears stationary when received by a readout device.

In a first embodiment of the invention, the film includes index markswhich are directly used to provide the coarse and fine drive signals.The index marks on the film may be developed portions of the film orsprocket holes if the surrounding area is opaque.

Second and third embodiments of the invention are directed for use withfilm including sprocket holes wherein the area surrounding the sprocketholes may be clear. In these embodiments, the sprocket holes are used asindex marks by directly relating the sprocket holes to a second set ofindex marks. For example, in a second embodiment of the invention, asprocketed belt containing index marks engages the sprocketed holes inthe film and with the index marks" on the belt used to provide thecoarse and fine drive signal. In a third embodiment of the invention asprocketed wheel containing index marks engages the sprocket holes inthe film and with the index marks on the wheel used to provide thecoarse and fine drive signals.

The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the presentinvention will become more readily apparent with reference to theaccompanying detailed description taken in conjunction with thedrawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the invention wherein the indexmarks on the film are directly used to provide coarse and fine drivesignals;

FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention which includes asprocketed belt including index marks,

FIG. 3 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention which includes asprocketed wheel including index marks; and

FIG. 4 is a front view of the wheel of FIG. 3.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to FIG. 1, thereis shown an apparatus for framing a motion picture film 20. The motionpicture film has a plurality of developed frames 21 and a plurality ofindex marks 22. The index marks can be developed portions of the picturefilm 20, or may be sprocket holes if the surrounding area is opaque.

The motion picture film 20 is disposed between a pair a guide rollers 38and 39, and between a drive roller 30 and a capstan 32. Motion isimparted to motion picture film 20 by the capstan 32, which is coupledto a rotating means 34 by a shaft 36. Therefore, rotation of the shaft36 by the rotating means 34 causes a corresponding rotation of thecapstan 32 for moving the motion picture film 20 past a beam of lightfrom a source or lamp 40. Since the motion picture film 20 does notcontain any sprocket holes or any other types of holes, the motionpicture film 20 is moved by the capstan 32 and the drive roller 30 as aresult of the friction developed between the capstan 32 and the motionpicture film 20.

The beam of light provided by the lamp 40 passes through a condensinglens 42 and through the motion picture film 20, including the frames andindex marks in alignment therewith. The condensing lens 42 focuses thefilament image onto the mirror 50. A portion of the beam of lightprovided by the lamp 40 passes through the individual frames 21 inalignment with the beam of light and projects the information of theparticular frames onto a mirror 50. The mirror 50 reflects the projectedimage through a projection lens 60 to a readout device 70, such as areadout camera. The projection lens operates to focus the reflected beamof light onto the readout device 70. However, since the motion picturefilm is continuously moved, it is necessary to oscillate or rotate themirror 50 at a rate related to the rate of the motion picture film 20for proper framing.

Oscillation of the mirror is provided by a mirror drive assembly 52 inresponse to a coarse drive signal provided or initiated by a firstdetector 56 and by a fine drive signal provided by a second detector 80.The first detector 56 can be a photocell and the second detector 80means can be a differential photocell (null detector). The firstdetector 56 is in alignment with the beam of light near the motionpicture film 40 and receives the light passing through the particularindex mark in alignment with detector means 56. The coarse drive signalprovided by the first detector 56 can be a sawtooth signal having aparticular number of sawtooths that are related to the linear speed ofthe motion picture film 20. For example, if the motion picture film 20moves at a linear speed of 24 frames per second, the coarse drive signalprovided, or initiated, by the first photocell 56 will have 24 sawtoothsper second.

The second detector 80 is coupled to receive the beam of light thatpasses through particular index marks in alignment with the mirror 50.The beam of light received by the second detector 80 is reflected by themirror 50 from the index mark 22. The second detector 80 can be adifferential photocell (null detector) that includes two individualphotocells (not shown) separated by a particular distance. The seconddetector 80 provides no output signal if the beam of light received bythe second detector 80 from the mirror 50 is in a center position thatcorresponds to the desired instantaneous alignment on the readout deviceof the information on a frame of the motion picture film 20. However, ifthe projected index mark focused upon the second detector is notproperly positioned, it will produce an output signal for the fine drivesignal. For example, if the projected index mark received by the seconddetector 80 deviates to a first side of the center positioncorresponding to insufficient angular rotation of the mirror 50, thesecond detector 80 provides the fine drive signal for imparting furtherangular rotation to the mirror 50. However, if the projected index markreceived by the second detector 50 deviates to a second side of thecenter position corresponding to excessive angular rotation of themirror 50, the second detector 80 provides the fine drive signal fordecreasing the angular rotation of the mirror 50.

A mirror drive assembly 52 is coupled to receive the coarse drive signaland the fine drive signal for providing angular rotation to the mirror50, wherein the rate of angular rotation is related to the velocity ofthe motion picture film 20. The drive assembly 52 is connected to themirror 50 by a shaft 54 so that rotation of the shaft 54 by the driveassembly causes a corresponding rotation of the mirror 50. Theinstantaneous angular position of the mirror 50 with respect to thesurface of the motion picture film 20 is related to the summation of theamplitude of the coarse drive signal and fine drive signal.Consequently, as a sawtooth of the coarse drive signal increases inamplitude, the drive assembly 52 rotates the mirror 50 from a firstangular position, or position A, toward a second angular position, orposition B. If, at any time, during the rotation of the mirror the lightreceived by the second detector 80 deviates from the center position,the fine drive signal provides correction to the mirror assembly 52. Atthe end of the individual sawtooth, the amplitude of the sawtoothreturns to substantially a reference voltage amplitude which cuases themirror drive assembly to return the mirror 50 to the start position.

Referring now to the operation of the present invention in more detail,and to the framing of one of the frames 21 of the motion picture film20, at the start of framing of a particular frame, the mirror 50 is in astart frame position A to reflect the frame of information to thereadout device '70. At least a portion of the beam of light provided bythe lamp 40 passes through the condenser lens 42 and through a firstparticular index mark 22a to the first detector 56. Simultaneously withthe beam of light passing through the first particular index mark 22a, aportion of the beam of light passes through a second particular indexmark 22b. The beam of light passing through the second particular indexmark 22b is reflected by the mirror 50.

In one form of the invention the first detector 56 initiates a sawtoothoutput signal to the drive assembly 52 related to the amount of lightreceived. As the motion picture film 20 is moved toward capstan 32, theamount of light received by the first detector increases causing acorresponding increase in amplitude of the sawtooth. In a second form ofthe invention, the first detector 56 initiates a waveform generatorwhich produces a slope proportional to the film velocity. As theamplitude of the sawtooth increases, the mirror 50 is rotated by thedrive assembly 52 in response to the received signal.

During the time that the angular position of the mirror 50 is beingchanged by the drive assembly 52, if the portion of the beam of lightpassign through the particular index mark 22b and reflected from themirror 50 to the second detector 80 remains in the central or nullposition, the second detector 80 will provide no output signalindicating proper framing of the motion picture film 20. However, at anyinstant of time during the angular rotation of the mirror 50, if thebeam of light received by the second detector 80 deviates from thecenter or null position, the second detector 80 will provide the outputsignal or the fine error signal to the mirror drive assembly 50 forcorrecting substantially instant'aneously the angle of the mirror '50with respect to the motion picture film for proper framing.

If the mirror 50 has not rotated a sufficient amount for proper framing,the beam of light received by the second detector 80 will be 'off centerand the second detector 80 will provide a positive fine drive signalhaving an amplitude related to the amount of error. The amplitude of thecoarse drive signal is added to the amplitude of the fine drive signalby the drive assembly 52 to cause an increase in angular position of themirror 50. If, however, the mirror 50 has rotated through a greaterangle than desired for proper framing, the second detector 80 providesthe'fine drive signal having a negative amplitude which, when added tothe coarse error signal by the drive assembly 52, would cause acorresponding decrease in angular rotation of the mirror 50 with respectto the surface of the motion picture film 20.

Once the ramp generator has been initiated, it will continue to producea ramp output until the first detector 56 senses the presence of thenext framing mark. The signal from the detector 56 causes the rampgenerator to reset rapidly to its initial state thus driving the mirrorto its original position (A). The error voltage provided by the seconddetector 80 is overpowered by the coarse drive voltage thus allowing thethe coarse signal to return the mirror. -When the mirror approaches itsinitial position, the second detector 80 looks onto the next framingmark and servos it into proper position. For example, if the mirrordrive assembly has caused an angular rotation of the mirror 50 fromposition A to position B, as illustrated in the drawin'g, at the end ofthe framing of that particular frame, the mirror 50 would return almostinstantaneously to position A.

The above-described process for a particular frame at the motion picturefilm 20 is repeated for each successive frame of the film '20. r

With the present invention, very thin motion picture film 20 can be usedbecause it is not necessary to have sprocket holes in the film oranything to tear or tip or degrade the motion picture film 20 in anymanner. Since very thin motion picture film can be used, the

amount of film stored on a reel ofa'pa'rticular diameter can beincreased to provide a corresponding increase in'playing time.Furthermore, wear on the film is rhinimind since the film is drivenc'o'ntinuouslyat-asubstantially constant speed rather than being drivenon an intermittent basis.

The system constituting this invention also provides other advantages ofsome importance. For example, the viewing of the film is controlled bythe operation of a member such as a mirror rather than by changes in thespeed of the film. Furthermore, the disposition of the mirror at eachinstant is controlled on a coarse and a fine basis as that each frame ofthe film can be seen without any jitter.

Although the present invention is adaptable to the use of very thinmotion picture film, which does not have to have sprocket holes, attimes it may be desirable to reproduce motion picture film which doesnot have sprocket holes. Unfortunately, most duplicate film is normallysupplied with clear edges so that the sprocket holes themselves can notbe used as the index marks. However, the sprocket holes may be usedindirectly as the index marks so as to control the position of aseparate device containing index marks so that the motion of the film isstill controlled by a plurality of index marks which are associated witha frame on the motion picture film. The second and third embodiments ofthe invention therefore are directed to continuous-rjnotion framingdevices specifically for use with film containing sprocket holes.Members which are similar to those as shown in FIG. 1 are given the samereference characters.

In FIG. 2, a second embodiment of the invention is shown, which includesthe use of a sprocketed belt member including sprockets 102 which engagesprocket holes 104 in the motion picture film 20. The film 20 isdisposed between the pair of guide rollers 38 and 39 and between anidler roller 30 and a capstan 32. The capstan 32 is driven by therotating means 34.

The sprocketed belt 100 is supported for rotation on a'pair of rollers106 and 108. The belt 100 also contains a plurality of openings 1 10which serve as index marks for use in providing the framing of theindividual frames on the motion picture film 20. Specifically, eachopening 110 is directly related in position to a sprocket 102 on thebelt 100 and, of course, th sprockets 102 engage the sprocket holes 104in the film 200 so that each index opening 110 is directly related to aparticular frame on the motion picture film 20. The portion of the belt100 adjacent the index holes 110 may be opaque and the 'portion of thebelt 100 adjacent the frames on the motion picture film 20 would betransparent.

In order to accomodate the belt in a position adjacent to the individualframe being reproduced, a 45 mirror 112 receives the light energyproduced by the light source-40 as focused by the condensing lens 42 todirect light energy through a frame on the motion picture film and alsothrough an associated index hole 110 on the sprocketed belt 100. Theremaining portion of the system including the first detector 56 forproviding a coarse drive signal and a second detector 80 for providing afine drive signal and the mirror 50 as controlled by the drive assembly52 is substantially identical to that shown in FIG. 1.

It can be seen, therefore, that the embodiment of FIG. 2 will'providefor a framing device for motionpicture film wherein the film includessprocket holes which are indirectly used'to provide indexing marks bythe use of a sprocketed belt member containing sprocket teeth andindexing openings which provide for each indexing opening serving as anindexing mark relative to a particular frame on the motion picture film.The sprocketed belt member 100 may either be driven in synchronism withthe capstan 32, or the belt member may be allowed to freely move withthe motion picture film as it is driven by the capstan 32. The belttherefore would actually be driven by the cooperation between thesprockets 102 on the belt 100 as the sprockets are engaging the openings104 in the motion picture film 20.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a third embodiment of the invention is shownfor use with film containing sprocket holes and using a large sprocketedwheel or drum to both provide movement of the film and, in addition,provide for framing of the film with a continuous motion. The film issupplied from a film supply reel 200 and passes over an idler wheel 202to a sprocketed drum 204. The film 20 includes the sprocket holes 104and the sprocket holes 104 are engaged by teeth 206 contained on thedrum 204. Film 20 then passes over a second idler wheel 208 to a filmtake-up reel 210.

A motor 212 drives a fly-wheel 214 through a belt 216. Mounted on thesame shaft as the fiy-wheel 214 is a pinch wheel 218 which engages asmooth portion of the sprocketed 204 so as to drive the sprocket wheel204 and thereby also provide for motion of the film 20. The sprocketedwheel 204 is mounted on a shaft 220 which is supported by bearings 222so as to provide for a free rotation of the sprocketed wheel 204.

The remaining portion of the system is generally similar to that shownin FIGS. 1 and 2 and the same reference characters are used.Specifically, the light source 40 directs light energy to a condenserlens 42 so as to pass the light energy through the film 20. In addition,in order to provide index marks, the sprocketed wheel 204 also includesframing apertures 224 which act as index marks. The framing apertures224 are related to the sprockets 206 so that when the sprockets engagethe openings 104 in the film 20 each framing aperture 224 is directlyrelated to an associated frame on the film 20.

The light energy passes through both the motion picture film 20 and theframing apertures 224 and is directed to the mirror 50. A portion of thelight energy from a particular framing aperture 224 is also directed tothe first detector 56. The mirror 50 is controlled by the mirror-driveassembly 52 to provide proper framing. Specifically, the mirror-driveassembly is operated in response to the coarse drive signal provided orinitiated by the first detector 56 and by the fine drive signal providedby the second detector 80. In order to provide for the light energy tobe passed to the second detector 80 and the readout device 70, anadditional pair of 45 mirrors 226 and 228 is used so as to direct thelight energy in the proper direction.

In a preferred configuration, the sprocketed wheel 200 has a relativelylarge diameter such as 6 inches. The large diameter keeps each filmframe essentially fiat.

The embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 has several advantages. For example, thesystem eliminates the need for a fixed gate; the system also allows forthe installation of a vacuum device on the backside of the wheel tothereby provide for continuous self-cleaning. In addition, since thefilm is not passed by a fixed gate or other fixed surface, there is noopportunity for the film to become scratched. Other advantages are thatthe system may be easily adapted to cartridge loading and the use of thewheel keeps the frame at a fixed distance throughout the arc of themirror scan. As a further advantage of the large sprocketed wheel, aplurality of sprocket teeth can be engaged simultaneously with the filmto thereby convey the film at a more uniform rate than would be possiblewith a smaller diameter sprocket wheel. It can be seen, therefore, thatthe embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 have several distinctive advantages overthe prior art structure.

While the salient features of the present invention have beenillustrated and described with respect to particular embodiments of thepresent invention, it should be readily apparent that modificationscould be made within the spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a motion picture film device wherein the motion picture film has aplurality of developed frames and including a plurality of index markseach associated with a different frame, a framing system, including:

means for providing a beam of light to the developed frames and theindex marks for projecting images of the index marks and the frames,

feed means for providing continuous motion for moving the developedframes and the index marks past the beam of light,

first detector means for receiving the projected images of the indexmarks and for providing a coarse drive signal having an instantaneousamplitude representing the desired position of the projected image ofindividual index marks with respect to the first detector means,

movable reflector means including drive means for reflecting theprojected images of the individual frames and index marks and with saiddrive means coupled to receive the coarse drive signal for moving thereflector means for framing the projected images in response to thecoarse drive signal, and second detector means for receiving thereflected images of the projected images of the index marks and forproviding a fine drive signal having an instantaneous amplituderepresenting any errors in the framing of the reflected image of theprojected image of the individual index marks with respect to the seconddetector means and with the drive means coupled to receive the finedrive signal for moving the reflector means for correcting errors of theprojected images in response to the fine drive signal.

2. The framing device of claim 1 wherein the first and second detectormeans include photocells.

3. The framing device of claim 1 wherein the motion picture filmcontains sprocket holes associated with the different frames and withthe framing system including a sprocketed member for engaging thesprockets of the motion picture film and with the sprocketed memberincluding the index marks.

4. The framing device of claim 3 wherein the sprocketed member is a beltmember.

5. The framing device of claim 3 wherein the sprocketed member is awheel member.

6. The framing device of claim 5 wherein the sprocket wheel member isalso part of the feed means.

7. The framing device of claim lwherein said reflector means includes:

a mirror for reflecting the projected images of individual frames of themotion picture, and

first control means for detecting the projected index senting thecontinuous movement of the film,

driving means responsive to the first control signals for moving theoptical means in accordance with the characteristics of the firstcontrol signals, to obtain a direction of the projected images to thereadout means in a substantially constant relationship to the readoutmeans during the movement of the frames past the projecting means, and

second control means for detecting the index marks directed by themovable optical means to produce marks to produce the first controlsignals repremeans for providing a beam of light to the index marks andthe frames for projecting images of the index marks and the frames,

feed means for providing continuous motion to the frames and index markspast the beam of light,

a first detector in alignment with the beam of light for receiving theprojected images of the index marks, the first detector providing asawtooth coarse drive signal having an instantaneous amplituderepresenting the desired position of the projected image of individualindex marks with respect to the first detector,

a reflector for reflecting the projected images of the index marks andthe frames of the motion picture film,

a second detector in alignment with the reflected image of the indexmarks for providing a fine drive signal having an amplitude representingany deviation from a desired constant position of the reflected imageswith respect to the second detector, and

a drive means coupled to receive the coarse drive signal and the finedrive signal for providing angular rotation of the reflector wherein theangular rotation of the reflector represents the summation of theamplitudes of the received signals.

10. The framing device of claim 9 wherein the second detector is adifferential photocell.

11. The framing device of claim 9 wherein the reflector is a mirror.

12. The framing device of claim 9 wherein the motion picture filmcontains sprocket holes associated with the different frames and withthe framing system including a sprocketed member for engaging thesprockets of the motion picture film and with the sprocketed memberincluding the index marks.

13. The framing device of claim 12 wherein the sprocketed member is abelt member.

14. The framing device of claim 12 wherein the sprocketed member is awheel member.

15. The framing device of claim 14 wherein the sprocket wheel memberforms part of the feed means.

16. in combination for providing a controlled readsecond control signalsrepresenting any change direction of the projected images to the readoutmeans, and

the driving means responsive to the second control signals for adjustingthe movements of the optical means in accordance with the second controlsignals.

17. The combination set forth in claim 16 wherein the optical meansincludes a pivotable reflector and wherein the driving means operates topivot the reflector.

18. The combination set forth in claim 16 wherein the first and secondcontrol means, respectively, in-

clude photocells.

19. The combination set forth in claim 16 wherein the second controlmeans includes a differential photocell.

20. The combination of claim '16 wherein the film contains sprocketholes associated with the different frames and additionally including asprocketed member for engaging the sprockets of the film and with thesprocketed member including the index marks.

21. The combination of claim 20 wherein the sprocketed member is a beltmember.

22. The combination of claim flTwherein the sprock eted member is awheel member.

23. The combination of claim 22 wherein the sprocketed wheel memberprovides the continuous movement of the film.

24. In combination for providing a controlled readout of a continuouslymoving film having a plurality of frames of images and additionallyincluding a plurality of index marks each associated with a differentframe,

first means for detecting the index marks associated with eachsuccessive frame,

movable optical means for providing a direction of the image on eachframe and the index marks during the movement of the frame and indexmarks, second means coupled to the first means and responsive to theindex marks detected by the first means for moving the optical means ata speed representing the movement of the film to provide a substanout ofa continuously moving film having a plurality of frames of images andadditionally including a plurality of index marks each associated with adifferent frame,

tially constant direction of the image on each successive frame and ofeach index mark, third means positioned adjacent to the optical meansmeans for providing a projection of the images on the successive framesand a rojection of the index marks associated with the successiveframes,

a readout means for providing a readout of the images on the successiveframes of the film,

movable optical means for receiving the projected images and index marksand directing the projected images and index mark toward the readoutmeans,

for sensing the image on each successive frame during the movement ofthe frame,

fourth means positioned adjacent to the optical means for detecting anychanges from the substantially constant direction of the index mark bythe optical means during the movement of the frame, and

fifth means responsive to the index marks detected by the fourth meansand coupled to the second 3,753,612 1 1 a 1 2 means for adjusting themovements of the optical 27. The combination of claim 24 wherein thefilm means to compensate for any changes from the contains sprocketholes associated with the different substantially constant direction tosynchronize frames and additionally including a sprocketed mem- .suchmovements with the continuous movement of her for engaging the sprocketsof the film and with the the film. 5 sprocketed member including theindex marks. 25. The combination set forth in claim 24 wherein 28. Thecombination of claim 27 wherein the sprockthe optical means is movablerelative to the film and eted member is a belt member.

the third means for providing a projection of each 29. The combinationofclaim 27 wherein the sprockframe on a third means during the movement ofthe eted member is a wheel member. frame. 30. The combination of claim29 wherein the sprock- 26. The combination set forth in claim 25 whereineted wheel member provides the continuous movement the optical meansincludes a mirror which is pivotable of the film. to provide itsmovement.

1. In a motion picture film device wherein the motion picture film has aplurality of developed frames and including a plurality of index markseach associated with a different frame, a framing system, including:means for providing a beam of light to the developed frames and theindex marks for projecting images of the index marks and the frames,feed means for providing continuous motion for moving the developedframes and the index marks past the beam of light, first detector meansfor receiving the projected images of the index marks and for providinga coarse drive signal having an instantaneous amplitude representing thedesired position of the projected image of individual index marks withrespect to the first detector means, movable reflector means includingdrive means for reflecting the projected images of the individual framesand index marks and with said drive means coupled to receive the coarsedrive signal for moving the reflector means for framing the projectedimages in response to the coarse dRive signal, and second detector meansfor receiving the reflected images of the projected images of the indexmarks and for providing a fine drive signal having an instantaneousamplitude representing any errors in the framing of the reflected imageof the projected image of the individual index marks with respect to thesecond detector means and with the drive means coupled to receive thefine drive signal for moving the reflector means for correcting errorsof the projected images in response to the fine drive signal.
 2. Theframing device of claim 1 wherein the first and second detector meansinclude photocells.
 3. The framing device of claim 1 wherein the motionpicture film contains sprocket holes associated with the differentframes and with the framing system including a sprocketed member forengaging the sprockets of the motion picture film and with thesprocketed member including the index marks.
 4. The framing device ofclaim 3 wherein the sprocketed member is a belt member.
 5. The framingdevice of claim 3 wherein the sprocketed member is a wheel member. 6.The framing device of claim 5 wherein the sprocket wheel member is alsopart of the feed means.
 7. The framing device of claim 1 wherein saidreflector means includes: a mirror for reflecting the projected imagesof individual frames of the motion picture, and the drive meansproviding angular rotation to the mirror, the drive means coupled toreceive the coarse and fine drive signals for providing angular rotationto the mirror in response to the received signals.
 8. The framing deviceof claim 7 wherein the first and second detector means includephotocells.
 9. In a motion picture film device wherein the motionpicture film has a plurality of developed frames and additionallyincluding a plurality of index marks individually associated with thedeveloped frames, a framing device, comprising: means for providing abeam of light to the index marks and the frames for projecting images ofthe index marks and the frames, feed means for providing continuousmotion to the frames and index marks past the beam of light, a firstdetector in alignment with the beam of light for receiving the projectedimages of the index marks, the first detector providing a sawtoothcoarse drive signal having an instantaneous amplitude representing thedesired position of the projected image of individual index marks withrespect to the first detector, a reflector for reflecting the projectedimages of the index marks and the frames of the motion picture film, asecond detector in alignment with the reflected image of the index marksfor providing a fine drive signal having an amplitude representing anydeviation from a desired constant position of the reflected images withrespect to the second detector, and a drive means coupled to receive thecoarse drive signal and the fine drive signal for providing angularrotation of the reflector wherein the angular rotation of the reflectorrepresents the summation of the amplitudes of the received signals. 10.The framing device of claim 9 wherein the second detector is adifferential photocell.
 11. The framing device of claim 9 wherein thereflector is a mirror.
 12. The framing device of claim 9 wherein themotion picture film contains sprocket holes associated with thedifferent frames and with the framing system including a sprocketedmember for engaging the sprockets of the motion picture film and withthe sprocketed member including the index marks.
 13. The framing deviceof claim 12 wherein the sprocketed member is a belt member.
 14. Theframing device of claim 12 wherein the sprocketed member is a wheelmember.
 15. The framing device of claim 14 wherein the sprocket wheelmember forms part of the feed means.
 16. In combination for providing acontrolled readout of a continuously moving film having a plurality offrames of images and additionally including a plurality of index markseach asSociated with a different frame, means for providing a projectionof the images on the successive frames and a projection of the indexmarks associated with the successive frames, a readout means forproviding a readout of the images on the successive frames of the film,movable optical means for receiving the projected images and index marksand directing the projected images and index mark toward the readoutmeans, first control means for detecting the projected index marks toproduce the first control signals representing the continuous movementof the film, driving means responsive to the first control signals formoving the optical means in accordance with the characteristics of thefirst control signals, to obtain a direction of the projected images tothe readout means in a substantially constant relationship to thereadout means during the movement of the frames past the projectingmeans, and second control means for detecting the index marks directedby the movable optical means to produce second control signalsrepresenting any change from the substantially constant relationship inthe direction of the projected images to the readout means, and thedriving means responsive to the second control signals for adjusting themovements of the optical means in accordance with the second controlsignals.
 17. The combination set forth in claim 16 wherein the opticalmeans includes a pivotable reflector and wherein the driving meansoperates to pivot the reflector.
 18. The combination set forth in claim16 wherein the first and second control means, respectively, includephotocells.
 19. The combination set forth in claim 16 wherein the secondcontrol means includes a differential photocell.
 20. The combination ofclaim 16 wherein the film contains sprocket holes associated with thedifferent frames and additionally including a sprocketed member forengaging the sprockets of the film and with the sprocketed memberincluding the index marks.
 21. THe combination of claim 20 wherein thesprocketed member is a belt member.
 22. The combination of claim 20wherein the sprocketed member is a wheel member.
 23. The combination ofclaim 22 wherein the sprocketed wheel member provides the continuousmovement of the film.
 24. In combination for providing a controlledreadout of a continuously moving film having a plurality of frames ofimages and additionally including a plurality of index marks eachassociated with a different frame, first means for detecting the indexmarks associated with each successive frame, movable optical means forproviding a direction of the image on each frame and the index marksduring the movement of the frame and index marks, second means coupledto the first means and responsive to the index marks detected by thefirst means for moving the optical means at a speed representing themovement of the film to provide a substantially constant direction ofthe image on each successive frame and of each index mark, third meanspositioned adjacent to the optical means for sensing the image on eachsuccessive frame during the movement of the frame, fourth meanspositioned adjacent to the optical means for detecting any changes fromthe substantially constant direction of the index mark by the opticalmeans during the movement of the frame, and fifth means responsive tothe index marks detected by the fourth means and coupled to the secondmeans for adjusting the movements of the optical means to compensate forany changes from the substantially constant direction to synchronizesuch movements with the continuous movement of the film.
 25. Thecombination set forth in claim 24 wherein the optical means is movablerelative to the film and the third means for providing a projection ofeach frame on a third means during the movement of the frame.
 26. Thecombination set forth in claim 25 wherein the optical means includes amirror which is pivotable to provide its movEment.
 27. The combinationof claim 24 wherein the film contains sprocket holes associated with thedifferent frames and additionally including a sprocketed member forengaging the sprockets of the film and with the sprocketed memberincluding the index marks.
 28. The combination of claim 27 wherein thesprocketed member is a belt member.
 29. The combination of claim 27wherein the sprocketed member is a wheel member.
 30. The combination ofclaim 29 wherein the sprocketed wheel member provides the continuousmovement of the film.